ID2 Contact Full Name Manuel Bensi email mbensi@inogs.it Institution National Institute of Oceanography and applied Geophysics (OGS) Info Observation Facility Type underwater platform (fixed) Observation Facility Status Closed Core data No Observation Facility ID RiS ID(s) 10969 Geospatial location Coordinates POINT (10.28 77.646) Height above mean sea level (m) -1044.00 Environment Site Information The mooring ID2, operational from June 2014 to June 2016 and from July 2018 until October 2019, was located in the eastern Fram Strait along the western offshore Svalbard margin, at approximately 1044 m depth. It was deployed together to its twin system S1, located about 170 km south from ID2. Here, water masses, strongly influenced by the interaction between Atlantic and Arctic waters and by local atmospheric forcing, substantially contribute to driving the global thermohaline circulation. In this region, there is remarkable variability in the system due to several forcing mechanisms (e.g., atmospheric, internal, tidal, shelf dynamics) that play an important role, especially in the upper layer. On the contrary, it is not completely clear which processes are responsible for the inter-annual and seasonal deep flow variability in the western offshore Spitsbergen region. The mooring ID2 was specifically designed to collect ocean parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, sediment flux, ocean currents) in the deep layer, covering approximately the last 150 m of the water column. The mooring was maintained by OGS and CNR-ISP (Italy), and in 2018-2019 was deployed/recovered in the framework of the collaboration with Italian Navy Hydrographic Institute (High North programme, cruises conducted with r/v Alliance) Observed Variable(s) Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN TEMPERATURE>WATER TEMPERATURE Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Observed Variable OCEANS>SALINITY/DENSITY>SALINITY Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN CHEMISTRY>DISSOLVED GASES Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Sampling procedures Dissolved oxygen Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN CIRCULATION>OCEAN CURRENTS Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Sampling procedures Velocity and direction Observed Variable OCEANS>MARINE SEDIMENTS>SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Sampling procedures Sediment trap Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN OPTICS>TURBIDITY Start Date 2014-06-01T12:00:00Z End Date 2019-10-01T12:00:00Z Read more about ID2
S1 Contact Full Name Manuel Bensi email mbensi@ogs.it Institution National Institute of Oceanography and applied Geophysics (OGS) Info Observation Facility Type underwater platform (fixed) Observation Facility Status Operational Core data Yes Observation Facility ID RiS ID(s) 10969 Geospatial location Coordinates POINT (13.93 76.43) Height above mean sea level (m) -1040.00 Environment Site Information The mooring S1, operational since June 2014, is located in the eastern Fram Strait, south-West offshore Svalbard region. Here, water masses, strongly influenced by the interaction between Atlantic and Arctic waters and by local atmospheric forcing, substantially contribute to driving the global thermohaline circulation. In this region, there is remarkable variability in the system due to several forcing mechanisms (e.g., atmospheric, internal, tidal, and shelf dynamics) that play an important role, especially in the upper layer. On the contrary, it is not completely clear which processes are responsible for the inter-annual and seasonal deep flow variability in the western offshore Spitsbergen region. The mooring S1 is specifically designed to collect ocean parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, particulate flux, ocean currents) in the deep layer, covering approximately the last 150-250 m of the water column. From 2022 it collects data from 500m depth to the bottom. The mooring was deployed for the first time in June 2014 in the framework of the Eurofleets project PREPARED. It is maintained by OGS and CNR-ISP (Italy), and since 2017 with the collaboration of the Italian Navy Hydrographic Institute. From 2022, S1 gained the contribution of the NATO CMRE, which implemented the observatory with more sensors to collect data in the Atlantic Water layer. Observed Variable(s) Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN TEMPERATURE>WATER TEMPERATURE Start Date 2014-06-10T12:00:00Z Instrument routine maintenance Yearly maintenance during mooring recovery and re-deploy: cleaning, battery replacement, instrument check. Usually performed between June and September Sampling procedures hourly data for physical parameters; monthly data for sediment and plastic traps Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN CIRCULATION>OCEAN CURRENTS Start Date 2014-06-10T12:00:00Z Instrument routine maintenance yearly maintenance during mooring recovery and re-deploy: cleaning, battery replacement, instrument check Sampling procedures hourly data Observed Variable OCEANS>SALINITY/DENSITY>CONDUCTIVITY Start Date 2014-06-10T12:00:00Z Instrument routine maintenance yearly maintenance during mooring recovery and re-deploy: cleaning, battery replacement, instrument check Sampling procedures hourly data sampling Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN CHEMISTRY>OXYGEN Start Date 2016-06-22T12:00:00Z Instrument routine maintenance yearly maintenance during mooring recovery and re-deploy: cleaning, battery replacement, instrument check Sampling procedures hourly data sampling of dissolved oxygen Observed Variable OCEANS>MARINE SEDIMENTS>PARTICLE FLUX Start Date 2014-06-10T12:00:00Z Instrument model and serial number Sediment Trap McLane Sampling procedures 13 bottles, usually closing 1 per month Observed Variable OCEANS>OCEAN OPTICS>TURBIDITY Start Date 2016-06-22T12:00:00Z Sampling procedures hourly data sampling Additional photos Read more about S1
